# What You Need:
→ Pasta
01 - 12 oz short pasta such as penne, rigatoni, or fusilli
→ Sausage
02 - 9 oz Italian sausage, sweet or spicy, casings removed, or plant-based sausage alternative
→ Vegetables and Aromatics
03 - 1 large fennel bulb, trimmed and thinly sliced
04 - 1 small onion, thinly sliced
05 - 2 cloves garlic, minced
→ Sauce and Seasoning
06 - 2 tablespoons olive oil
07 - 1/4 cup dry white wine, optional
08 - 1/2 teaspoon crushed red pepper flakes, optional
09 - Salt and freshly ground black pepper to taste
→ Finishing
10 - 1/4 cup grated Parmesan cheese, plus additional for serving, or vegetarian alternative
11 - Chopped fennel fronds or fresh parsley for garnish
# Directions:
01 - Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil. Cook the pasta according to package instructions until al dente. Reserve 1/2 cup of pasta water, then drain and set aside.
02 - In a large skillet over medium heat, add 1 tablespoon olive oil. If using sausage, add it to the pan, breaking it up with a spoon, and cook until browned and cooked through, approximately 4 to 5 minutes. Remove sausage to a plate.
03 - In the same skillet, add the remaining olive oil. Sauté the fennel and onion with a pinch of salt for 4 to 5 minutes, until softened and slightly golden. Add minced garlic and cook for 1 minute.
04 - Pour in the white wine if using, scraping up any browned bits from the bottom of the skillet. Let simmer for 1 to 2 minutes until mostly evaporated.
05 - Return the sausage to the skillet if using. Add red pepper flakes and stir to combine. Add the drained pasta along with the reserved pasta water. Toss to coat evenly, then stir in grated Parmesan. Season with salt and black pepper to taste.
06 - Plate immediately and top with chopped fennel fronds or parsley and additional Parmesan cheese.